TOEFL Notes 23/05 (listening

        ✓        Introduction Listening p.9
        ✓        Listening Tutorial p.150
        ✓        Lesson 9: Topic / Purpose p.27
        ✓        Lesson 10: Fact / N-Fact / Infer p.44
        ❑        Lesson 11: Purpose / Attitude p.73
        ✓        Lesson 12: Replay p.87
        ✓        Lesson 13: Ordering / Matching p.108


ATTENDEES

VOCABULARY
it’s for you = it is for you [ abbreviation]
it’s red = it is red [abbreviation]


major = the focus of academic study at university
The teacher’s laptop = [possession]

to put it in a nutshell = to summarize





NOTES
        ❑        Listening Tutorial p.150

// - cause-effect

less rain // deserts

inter(l) - international
dis.(n) -discussion
SP -
partner(p)
corp(n)
LLC
adv.
s.agt.

Mst cmn forms of Biz Orgs
past: 3mst cmn forms
S.P.
Partnp
Corpn
Now: +LLC
LLC//new
mre pop.

SP
mst cmn form
simpt
1 owner = boss
ps. many empe
start?
P. samsuelson - eg. “I think i’ll make toothpaste”
begins with dec.n
adv. no extra tax // pers income rate (lwr than corp tax)
disadv. owner leg. liable for debts
eg. owner’s Pers assts

P
type:
SP=P excp. >1 ers
Adv. -> tax same as SP
Dis.
eg 500 Widgets 2 partners same order
both contrcts leg. binding
partners liable for all
charge? shared
sme silent parnters -investors no decis.

        ❑        Lesson 9: Topic / Purpose p.27

        ❑        Lesson 10: Fact / N-Fact / Infer p.44

        ❑        Lesson 13: Ordering / Matching p.108
HCs
Coal
ind rev. // coal
elec // coal
where?
300 MY - carbonifierous
vege ->swaps -> decomp -> peat bogs ->muck decaded vege -> +sand+water ->thicker ++pressure->coal

dif coal

lignite - lowst - brown -+water+sulfer

bit - +carbo + electr

anthro // coke = pure carbon -> steel

coltar -> plastic , soap

Jet // lignite -

GAAP
?
Generally accepted Accounting Principles=sys for reporting fin.l info.n
GAAP = many types

purpose? same as standards eg: coffee Ib in one store or another

3 concepts
B. E. P.
business accountants sep from owners
pers / business

Cost
assets are recorded at cost price at purchase. eg. PC’s

Matching
record exp. same period when sale made.
June inc. rent, pay and sales for June.

wheat = main crop
corn (2nd)

soya beens now 2nd, replace corn

Southern area: heirloom crops=heritage crops
20/100 yrs ago
6 small farms growing HLC
watermellons - moon and star

seeds selling on internet
veg on farmers market

not yet important but growing

Wheat
7 types tex/col
durham - mst cmn - pasta
soft white - cereals
hard red - bread flour

Urban Studies
commercial section=big shops, mall, fast food, motels, car lots=sprawl
res. =big houses big yards
far apart
==CSD

NU/0/CSD
NU-=looks past
business, dowtown, res.
50’s 60’s flight to suburbs

500 New Urbanist coms

principles
1st: walkability - tree, mod grid, T, diagonals, mix of streets + alleys, no open lotts, fewer cards
2nd: mixed use -shops, offices res. in one block
        -inc. diversity
3rd: Density, closer together
        -walk
        -pocket parks, village green
4th: transportation

inc. walking and cycling

Emph. on comf. parking is hidden
front porch

Whhere?
some in every state
Greenfield - new
Greyfield -run down areas
GF malls - 2000 biult 8% closed 11% in danger -> NUC


Magna Carta
rd crusade, kidnapped,
John after Richard, supp’d to be Arthur

think - Richard good / John evil
but richard good mil. leader
but bank’ruped country 4 foreign wars

John was wicked so no other king named John

John didn’t live England > fought in France
bity controlled by France

1214 Phillip def. John
John raised funds -scutlage ‘bribe’
avoid service
But, Baron’s fed up

civil war
london cap. by rebels
demanded rights written down = magna carta

myths of MC
constitution-Demoracy // wrong king+barons
est. Parliament // yes council 25 barons, but parl not for 100 yrs

important doc
limited Royal power
even king was sub. to law=revolutionary

later articles expanded to inc. other people
eg. tax consent parl.
eg. jail, trial w/o trial by peers (not juries)